{"id":9686,"date":"2024-12-05T22:41:49","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T22:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mollekuqja.coreup.co\/?p=9686"},"modified":"2024-12-05T22:42:35","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T22:42:35","slug":"maqedoni-e-veriut-temat-e-shendetit-seksual-ende-tabu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mollekuqja.coreup.co\/en\/maqedoni-e-veriut-temat-e-shendetit-seksual-ende-tabu\/","title":{"rendered":"Maqedoni e veriut: Temat e sh\u00ebndetit seksual, ende tabu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Menstruacionet, shtatz\u00ebnia, seksi, dashuria \u2013 k\u00ebto tema duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e kurrikul\u00ebs shkollore. Por Maqedonia e Veriut ende heziton, thon\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt, dhe kjo ka pasoja.<\/p>\n

Sara Saiti ishte 12 vje\u00e7 kur nisi t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb n\u00eb internet informacione mbi trupin dhe sh\u00ebndetin riprodhues. As ajo, dhe as bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebt e saj n\u00eb Tetov\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb Veriut<\/strong><\/a>, nuk informoheshin si\u00e7 duhet gjat\u00eb or\u00ebve m\u00ebsimore n\u00eb lidhje me tem\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Edukimi gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs seksual nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb e posa\u00e7me n\u00eb kurrikul\u00ebn m\u00ebsimore, prandaj dijet mbi sh\u00ebndetin seksual dhe riprodhues, teorikisht duhet t\u00eb m\u00ebsohen n\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebn e biologjis\u00eb. Fillimisht n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb fillore, e m\u00eb pas n\u00eb t\u00eb mesmen. Por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, duket se nuk funksionon si\u00e7 duhet, jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut, por\u00a0edhe n\u00eb disa vende t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs.\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Tabu n\u00eb shkolla: Edukimi seksual i shp\u00ebrfillur<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\u201cAsokohe, kur ishim adoleshent\u00eb, erdhi koha q\u00eb m\u00ebsuesi t\u00eb na shpjegonte se si ndodh fertilizimi i vez\u00ebs dhe krijimi i fetusit. Por ajo \u00e7ka na u tha ishte se \u2018P\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur reaksion, duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb aksion\u2019. Dhe e mbylli me kaq\u201d \u2013 thot\u00eb p\u00ebr DW-n\u00eb Sara, sot 19 vje\u00e7e. I nj\u00ebjti m\u00ebsues, kujton ajo, i detyronte q\u00eb mbi bluz\u00ebn me krah\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, vajzat t\u00eb hidhnin gjithmon\u00eb supeve nj\u00eb xhaket\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar trupin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Por duket se sikleti p\u00ebr m\u00ebsuesit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u duhej t\u00eb shpjegonin tema t\u00eb tilla, vijoi edhe m\u00eb pas. \u201cEdhe m\u00ebsuesja e re na shpjegoi me shum\u00eb hezitim ciklin menstrual dhe shtatz\u00ebnin\u00eb. Ishte shum\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjyese, sepse ajo nuk arriti ta menaxhoj\u00eb talljen e moshatar\u00ebve t\u00eb mi dhe t\u00eb na e normalizoj\u00eb tem\u00ebn \u201d – thot\u00eb Sara.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr djemt\u00eb e klas\u00ebs, ishte e ndaluar t\u00eb b\u00ebnin pyetje n\u00eb or\u00ebt m\u00ebsimore. P\u00ebrgjigjja ishte: \u201cK\u00ebto do t\u2019i m\u00ebsoni nga gruaja e ardhshme\u201d.<\/p>\n

Me kalimin e viteve, Sara kuptoi se shmangia e k\u00ebtyre temave nuk kishte t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me raste t\u00eb izoluara por me nj\u00eb fenomen q\u00eb p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, konsiderohej krejt\u00ebsisht normal.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb t\u00eb mesme nuk fol\u00ebm p\u00ebr edukimin seksual. Por k\u00ebsaj here nuk kishte turp, por mosinteresim. Shumica nuk kishim interes ndaj edukimit seksual si pasoj\u00eb e mbiekspozimit n\u00eb internet. As diskutimet p\u00ebr erotik\u00ebn n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi nuk na b\u00ebnin p\u00ebrshtypje.\u201d<\/p>\n

Me informacionet e internetit, shpeshher\u00eb t\u00eb pasakta dhe nga burime t\u00eb paverifikuara, bashk\u00ebmoshatar\u00ebt e Sar\u00ebs u \u201cp\u00ebrftuan\u201d edhe p\u00ebr risqet q\u00eb vijn\u00eb prej tij.\u00a0\u201cM\u00eb shqet\u00ebsonte shum\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb denja, moshatar\u00ebt e mi \u2018shkolloheshin\u2019 nga\u00a0p\u00ebrmbajtjet degraduese pornografike<\/strong><\/a>, q\u00eb krijonin pritshm\u00ebri dhe k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrime t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme\u201d \u2013 thot\u00eb 19-vje\u00e7arja.<\/p>\n

Psikologia paralajm\u00ebron p\u00ebr rreziqet\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Sheruze Osmani Ballazhi, me profesion psikologe, thot\u00eb p\u00ebr DW se \u201cn\u00eb mesin e m\u00ebsuesve \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebrshtypja se f\u00ebmij\u00ebt mbrohen ose q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb larg rreziqeve n\u00ebse k\u00ebto tema mbeten tabu ose nuk diskutohen\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Por realiteti n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut tregon t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn. \u201cTregon pranin\u00eb e rrezikut nga marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie seksuale n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb hershme, shtatz\u00ebni dhe\u00a0aborte<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0n\u00eb mosh\u00eb t\u00eb mitur, ekspozim ndaj s\u00ebmundjeve seksualisht t\u00eb transmetueshme, p\u00ebrdhunime apo marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie abuzive\u201d \u2013 analizon Osmani-Ballazhi.<\/p>\n

Por duket se familja dhe shkolla nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb vetmet mjedise ku \u201ct\u00eb v\u00ebrtetat\u201d nuk p\u00ebrputhen. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr tregues gjendet tek p\u00ebrgjigjet e studimit t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb s\u00eb fundi nga\u00a0Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb<\/strong><\/a>, e cila p\u00ebrmes studimit t\u00eb sjelljes dhe sh\u00ebndetit tek nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit, ((Health and behavior of school-aged children), arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut 30% e djemve dhe vet\u00ebm 5% e vajzave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-vje\u00e7are kan\u00eb deklaruar se jan\u00eb seksualisht aktiv\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr psikologen, \u201ckjo e dh\u00ebn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb tregues p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri patriarkale, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn tema e edukimit seksual \u00ebsht\u00eb tabu. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se t\u00eb rriturit, si prind\u00ebrit ashtu dhe arsimtar\u00ebt, nuk ndihen rehat t\u00eb flasin haptas apo t\u00eb trajtojn\u00eb tema q\u00eb lidhen me edukimin seksual me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt apo nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e tyre\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ta l\u00ebsh informimin e nj\u00eb teme t\u00eb till\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb duart e internetit, sipas saj, \u00ebsht\u00eb tep\u00ebr e rrezikshme.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00ebse duam t\u00eb kemi t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i ruajn\u00eb kufijt\u00eb personal\u00eb, t\u00eb shmangin raportet abuzive por nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb pasojat e mundshme nga veprimet e tyre, t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb ndryshimet q\u00eb ndodhin me trupin e tyre gjat\u00eb pubertetit, at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet q\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet edukimit seksual, t\u2019ju japim t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb verifikuara shkenc\u00ebrisht.\u201d<\/p>\n

Rritje t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve seksuale<\/strong><\/h5>\n

S\u00ebmundjet seksualisht t\u00eb transmetueshme jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut. Vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb vitit 2023 jan\u00eb regjistruar 159 persona t\u00eb infektuar dhe 2 t\u00eb vdekur, sipas Institutit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndetit Publik.<\/p>\n

Infeksioni seksual m\u00eb i p\u00ebrhapur tek t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e mosh\u00ebs 20-29 vje\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb sifilisi, infeksion bakterial q\u00eb mund t\u00eb parandalohet nga marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet seksuale t\u00eb mbrojtura. Vet\u00ebm gjat\u00eb vitit t\u00eb fundit, sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave zyrtare, u regjistruan 60 persona t\u00eb infektuar.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr rritje problematike u sh\u00ebnua edhe tek t\u00eb infektuarit me\u00a0HIV\/AIDS<\/strong><\/a>. Vitin e shkuar, Instituti i Sh\u00ebndetit Publik regjistroi 50 raste, 22% m\u00eb shum\u00eb se viti paraardh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Edhe numri i shtatz\u00ebnive t\u00eb paplanifikuara tek vajzat e mitura sh\u00ebnoi rritje, duke e renditur Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut si shteti me numrin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre shtatz\u00ebnive n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 11%. Nd\u00ebrsa shkalla e lindjeve tek t\u00eb miturat \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse trefishi i mesatares s\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb Bashkimit Europian.<\/p>\n

Duke iu referuar t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtave shifra, gjat\u00eb vitit 2023 n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut u regjistruan 34 raste dhune me baz\u00eb gjinore dhe p\u00ebrdhunimi, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb tet\u00eb muajt e par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit u raportuan 1166 raste p\u00ebr dhun\u00eb n\u00eb familje.<\/p>\n

Zvarritje n\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjen e edukimit seksual n\u00eb shkolla<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Por pavar\u00ebsisht t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave shqet\u00ebsuese, burokracia e institucioneve kompetente e ngadal\u00ebson procesin e futjes s\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00ebs s\u00eb edukimit gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs seksual n\u00eb kurrikulat shkollore.<\/p>\n

\u201cVendosja e k\u00ebsaj l\u00ebnde, si l\u00ebnd\u00eb zgjedhore \u00ebsht\u00eb parashikuar n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb reformave n\u00eb arsimin fillor. Por, reformat ende nuk jan\u00eb realizuar prandaj k\u00ebt\u00eb vit kjo l\u00ebnd\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ligj\u00ebrohet n\u00eb asnj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb, as si l\u00ebnd\u00eb zgjedhore, as si aktivitet jasht\u00ebshkollor. Aktualisht po realizojm\u00eb takime dhe trajnime me m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb shkollave fillore, p\u00ebr t\u2019i sensibilizuar ata n\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb\u201d \u2013 b\u00ebn me dije Byroja p\u00ebr Zhvillim t\u00eb Arsimit.<\/p>\n

Tri vite m\u00eb par\u00eb, ky institucion realizoi nj\u00eb program-pilot t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj l\u00ebnde n\u00eb tri shkolla fillore, p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb si do t\u00eb reagonin nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit n\u00eb lidhje me p\u00ebrmbajtjen e l\u00ebnd\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

\u201cNga rezultatet u kuptua qart\u00eb se nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit tek t\u00eb cil\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar programi, ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e tyre, krijimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosha, m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb tyre dhe parandalimit t\u00eb dhun\u00ebs seksuale.\u201d<\/p>\n

Edukimi gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs seksual nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e kurrikul\u00ebs m\u00ebsimore n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha shtetet e Bashkimit Europian. \u00a0Megjithat\u00eb, Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe Organizata e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara kan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar objektiva dhe standarde t\u00eb ndryshme rreth edukimit seksual q\u00eb duhen p\u00ebrmbushur nga shtetet an\u00ebtare t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n